Ábilmámbet han

Ábilmámbet han (shamamen 1690-1771) – han, Bolat hannyń úlken uly, Táýke hannyń nemeresi.

Sәmeke өlgennen keıin Orta jүzge han saılanғan. Shyңғys tұқymynyң aғa tarmaғy ? Jәdik әýletinen taraıdy. Abylaıdyң bılikke jetýine sebepshi bolғan. Әbilmәmbet han 1740 jәne 1742 jyldary Or bekinisine, Orynbor қalasyna Orta jүzdiң beldi starshyn, sұltandaryn bastap kelip, Anna Ioanovnaғa ant berdi. Ol jonғar shapқynshylyғy elge қaýip tөndirip tұrғan aýyr jyldarda elbasshysy retinde kөsemdik, ұıymdastyrýshylyқ қabiletin kөrsete almady. Biraқ қaramaғyndaғy Abylaı, Baraқ syndy sұltandardyң қazaқ rýlaryn қalmaқtarғa қarsy kүreske jұmyldyrýyna kedergi de jasaғan joқ. Әbilmәmbet handyқ құrғan tұsta 18 ғasyrdyң 30-shy jyldarynyң soңy 40-shy jyldarynyң basynda, Әbilқaıyr ұly Eraly sұltan Orta jүzdiң basty rýlyқ birlestikteriniң biri ? kereılerge bılik jүrgizdi. XVIII ғasyrdyң 30-shy jyldarynyң aıaғynda Әbilmәmbet han bizge belgili құjattarda Abylaı esimimen қatar atalady. Orys tarıhshysy A.Levshın: «1739 jyly Orta jүzde Sәmeke hannyң ornyna han saılaýdan bұryn Әbilmәmbet pen Abylaı ekeýi birdeı handyқ bılik jүrgizgen»,- dep jazady. Әbilmәmbetke қatysty kelesi maңyzdy mәlimet 1740 jylғy tamyzdyң 19-y men қyrkүıektiң 1-i aralyғynda Orynbor қalasynda өtken қazaқ-orys kelissөzi jөnindegi materıaldarda ұshyrasady. Kelissөzge XVІІІ ғasyrdaғy қazaқtyң beldi azamattary - Әbilқaıyr han atynan Nұraly, Erәli sұltandar, arғyn Jәnibek, tama Eset jәne tabyn Bөkenbaı batyrlar, Orta jүzden Әbilmәmbet han, Abylaı sұltan, Bөgenbaı batyr, t.b. қatysқan. Onyң barysynda orys үkimeti үshin aldyn-ala daıyndalғan jospar boıynsha eң bastysy қazaқtardy «bodandyққa» kөndirý bolsa, al қazaқtar үshin saýda-sattyқ, tұtқyndar almasý, Edil қalmaқtary shabýyldaryn toқtatý mәseleleri alғa tartylady. 1738-1740 jyldardaғy Reseı mұraғatyndaғy osy құjattar ғylymı aınalymғa қosylғan. 1744 jyly Әbilmәmbet өziniң jasaқtarymen Tүrkistan қalasyna kөship ketti de, Orta jүz Abylaı men Baraқ sұltandardyң bıliginde қaldy. 1757 jyly Қytaı қolbasshylary Fý De, Chjao Hoı bastaғan әsker Қazaқstan shekarasyna basyp kirgen bolatyn. Tsın әýletimen әskerı-saıası tartystyң қazaқ eli үshin қaýiptiligin tүsingen Abylaı, Әbilmәmbet, Әbilpaıyz aқyldasa kele, Қytaı memleketimen aradaғy kıkiljiңdi kelissөzben sheshýge bel baılady. Sөıtip, XVIII ғasyrdyң 20-30-shy jyldarynda joңғarlar basyp alғan shekaralyқ aımaқtaғy jaıylym jerler dıplomatııalyқ jolmen қaıtarylyp alyndy. Әbilmәmbettiң үlken ұly Әbilpeıiz Abylaıdy barynsha қoldap, 1771 jyly әkesi қaıtys bolғannan keıin dәstүrli құқynan өzi bas tartyp, Abylaıdyң han saılanýyn қoldady. Derekkөzi: Қazaқstan ұlttyқ entsıklopedııasy, 1-tom