Joshy han kúmbezi

Joshy han kúmbezi – Jezqazǵan qalasynan soltústik-shyǵysqa qaraı 50 shaqyrym jerde, Qaraǵandy oblysynyń Ulytaý aýdanyndaǵy Keńgir ózeniniń jaǵasynda ornalasqan kóne sáýlet eskertkishi.

Kүmbezde saқtalғan taңbalarғa қaraғanda ony salýғa Joshyғa baғynғan taıpalardyң bәri қatysқan. Tarıhı dәstүr boıynsha kүmbezdi қaıtys bolғan kisiniң jyldyқ asyn berýden bұrynyraқ jasaıtyn bolғan. Soғan қaraғanda 1227 jyly қaıtys bolғan Joshyғa 1228-1230 jyldary kүmbez tұrғyzylғan bolýy kerek. Joshy han kүmbezi portaldy-kүmbezdi құrylystar қataryna jatady. Jobasy tik bұryshty. Құrylys materıaldary ? kүıdirilgen kirpish, әk. Jobanyң aýmaғy 9,52h7,25 metr. Kөzge aıyrқsha tүsetin nәrse ? saltanatty portaly. Onyң maңdaı aldyn sүıir arka tүrinde shyғaryp, eki jaқ bosaғasyn үstiңgi salmaқty erkin kөterip tұrý үshin meılinshe berik etip tұrғyzғan. Portal jaқtaýlaryn өrnekti kirpishpen bezendirip, үıdiң basқұryna ұқsatқan. Өrnekke paıdalanғan taқta kirpishterdiң aýdany 45h45 sm. Bұl kirpishterde өrnektermen birge jazý da bolғan. Portaldyң joғarғy jıegin parapet tәrizdendirip, onyң astynan қalaқ kirpishten frız tartқan. Ejelgi құrylys әdisiniң biri ? kүmbez ornatý. Ol Joshy han kүmbezinde tamasha sheshimin tapқan. Қabyrғanyң ish jaғynan sөrelep shyғarғan beldeýlerdiң үstinen eki қabatty zәýlim kүmbez ornatқan. Іshki kүmbezdiң (bıiktigi 7 m) salmaғyn «jalғan eңse» shyғarý tәsilimen beldeýlerge jaısa, syrtқy kүmbezdi (bıiktigi 8 m) on alty қyrly barabanғa otyrғyzғan. Іshki kүmbezden shyғarylғan tүndik syrtқy kүmbezdi ornatқan kezde jabylyp қalғan. Jaryқ keseneniң eki jaқ bүıirinen, barabannyң astynan shyғarylғan terezelerden tүsedi. Kүmbez bederli қalaқ kirpishtermen әshekeılengen. Kүmbezdi kөp қyrly barabanғa ornatý ? oғyz, қypshaқ taıpalaryna tәn tәsil. Іshki қabyrғalarynda taңbadan basқa eshbir әshekeı joқ. Edenine қalaқ kirpishter tөselgen. 1946 jyly Ә.Marғұlannyң basshylyғymen arheologııalyқ ekspedıtsııa kүmbezdi қazғan kezde eki қabir tabylғan. Birinshi қabir kүmbezdiң kүnshyғys jaқ irgesinde ornalasқan. Ұzyndyғy 2,2 m, eni 0,7 m, tereңdigi 1,2 m. Oғan jerlengen adam taқtaı tabytқa salynғan. Sүıektiң oң қoly joқ ekendigi anyқtaldy. Onyң үstine қabir ishinen saltanatty kıim jұrnaқtary, қyzyl safııan etiktiң қaldyғy, tұt jibeginiң shirip jatқan silemderi, aң sүıekteri men tүıeniң bas sүıegi, temir қarýdyң synyқtary tabyldy. Bұl «Joshynyң aң aýlap jүrgende құlannyң aıғyry shaınap өltirdi» degen halyқ aңyzyna үndes keledi. Halyқ aңyzynda «Joshyny jerlegende bir қoly joқ bolғan» nemese «Joshynyң tek bir қolyn taýyp қoıғan», keıde «bir shynashaғyn ғana tapқan» degen әr tүrli joramaldar bar. Ekinshi қabir Joshynyң үlken bәıbishesi, Kereı handyғynyң bıleýshisi Toғyryl hannyң inisiniң қyzy Bektýmyshtiki bolýy tıis. 1982 jyly Joshyhan kүmbezi arhıtektýralyқ әsem құrylys retinde respýblıkalyқ maңyzy bar tarıhı jәne mәdenıet eskertkishterdiң tizimine engizilgen. Soңғy jyldary respýblıkalyқ bıýdjetten қarajat bөlinip, eskertkishti қalpyna keltirý jұmystary jүrgizildi. Joshy ? Shyңғys hannyң үlken ұly, Altyn Ordanyң negizin salýshy, қazaқ handarynyң arғy atasy. Sheshesi ? Bөrte. Shyңғys han қoңyrat taıpasynyң қyzy Bөrtege үılengennen keıin merkitter shabýyl jasap, Bөrte tұtқynғa tүsip қalady. Keıin Shyңғys han Kereı handyғynyң bıleýshisi Toғyryl hannyң kөmegimen Bөrteni tұtқynnan bosatyp alady. Osyғan baılanysty Joshy Shyңғys hannyң balasy emes degen el arasynda sөz taraғan. Biraқ Shyңғys han өmir boıy Bөrtege de, Joshyғa da құrmetpen қaraғan. Joshy jas kezinen asa kөrnekti әskerı қolbasshy retinde kөzge tүsip, Shyңғys han әskerleriniң joryқtaryna belsene aralasty. Joshy әkesiniң tapsyrmasy boıynsha jeke jasaғymen Oңtүstik Sibirdi, Altaıdy, Shyғys Tүrkistandy қonystaғan kөptegen taıpalardy baғyndyrdy, Soltүstik Қytaıғa jasalғan joryққa қatysty. Sol zamanda өmir sүrgen tarıhshylardyң aıtýynsha, Joshy han kүsh-қaıraty mol, erjүrek, өtkir adam bolғan. Onyң өlimi jaıynda halyқ arasynda tүrli aңyz-әңgimeler taraғan. Solardyң birinde «aң aýlap jүrgende құlannyң aıғyry shaınap өltirgen» dese, keıbir derekterde «jaý jaғyna shyғyp ketedi dep қaýiptenip, құpııa tүrde өz әkesi Shyңғys han өltirtken» dep kөrsetiledi.Derekkөzi: Қazaқstan ұlttyқ entsıklopedııasy, 4 tom