HІH ǵasyr basynda qansha qazaq bolǵan – knıaz Volkonskıı esebi

<p>ASTANA. KAZINFORM &ndash; Kazinform agenttiginiń <a href="https://www.inform.kz/ru/skolko-kazahov-naschital-knyaz-volkonskiy-v-nachale-19-veka-807c13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tilshisi</a> qazaq halqynyń demografııalyq derekteri týraly aqparatty qamtıtyn qyzyqty tarıhı derekti &ndash; Orynbor gýbernatory knıaz G. Volkonskııdiń osydan 2 ǵasyr burynǵy qazaqtardyń sany týraly jazbasyn oqyrman nazaryna usynady.</p>

XVIII ǵasyrdyń sońy men HIH ǵasyrdyń basyndaǵy qazaqtardyń sanyna qatysty derekter kóp emes. Sondyqtan da reseılik Syrtqy ister jáne ákimshilik basshylary alqasy sheneýnikteriniń esepteri, tizimdemeleri, habarlamalary jáne ózge de qujattary aıryqsha qyzyǵýshylyq týdyrady. Munyń ústine, bul derekterdiń qazaq rýlary ókilderimen tikeleı sóılesý jáne saýal alý negizinde qurastyrylǵanyn da eskergen jón. Mundaı qujattardyń biri – 1805 jyly qurastyrylǵan qazaqtardyń sany týraly Orynbor gýbernatory knıaz G. Volkonskııdiń jazbasy.

Knıaz Volkonskıı Grıgorıı Semenovıch 1803 jyldyń shildesinde Orynbor áskerı gýbernatory bolyp taǵaıyndaldy. 1804-1805 jyldary ol Orynbor gýbernııasyn eki márte tekserip shyǵyp, «Úsh orda qazaqtarynyń saýda túrlerin kórsete otyryp, olardyń sany týraly habarlama» ázirledi. Onda rýlardyń sany, barlyq úsh júz qazaqtarynyń otbasylary, sonymen qatar kórshi halyqtarmen saýda qarym-qatynasy sıpattalǵan. «Ádette Uly, Orta jáne Kishi ordaǵa bólinetin qyrǵyz-qaısaqtar týraly» jazbada qazaq rýlarynyń quramy týraly málimetter, otbasylarynyń sany, 1805 jylǵy jaǵdaı boıynsha olardy basqaratyn sultandar men starshynalardyń aty-jóni berilgen.

Úlken orda qazaqtary (Uly júz)

Dýlat rýy 4 tarmaqqa bólinedi, 40 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Aıryqsha starshyndarmen birge han atynan Ádil sultan basqarady.

Sirgeli rýy 5 tarmaqqa bólinedi, 20 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Starshyndarmen birge Eráli Bókeev sultan basqarady.

Sary úısin 2 tarmaqqa bólinedi, 70 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Starshyn Sary batyr úzeńgilesterimen basqarady.

Qańlylardy Áýje Mámet batyr basqarady.

Orta orda

Naımandar, 35 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Qytaı saraıynan «van» shenin jáne marapat alǵan han Baba sultan basqarady.

Arǵyndar 30 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Tilenshi bı, Shoń bı, Úbaıdolla bı, al olardy Bókeı, Ebineı sultandar basqarady.

Taraqty rýy 4 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Baqqozy batyr úzeleńgelesterimen basqarady.

Qońyrat rýy 15 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Qulan bı, Talqan batyr, Jaanbaı bı, sultan Aıshýaq Esimov basqarady.

Arǵyn rýy 9 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Baqul men Qaramendi baılar basqarady. Arǵyndardyń eki tarmaǵy 11 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Ýálı Abylaı han men starshyndar Qulbek, Baıjigit, Aqan bı basqarady.

Qanjyǵaly rýy 2 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Qaıyp sultan basqarady.

Qypshaqtar 2 myń otbasyǵa deıin. Starshyn Tólegen batyr basqarady.

Kereıler 1 000 otbasyǵa deıin. Starshyn Bekbolat basqarady.

Qypshaq rýynyń 4 tarmaǵy 3 myń otbasyǵa deıin starshyn Nameetek pen Shımurat basqarady.

Uzyn qypshaq rýynyń 6 tarmaǵy 2 000 otbasyǵa deıin. Mańǵybaı batyr basqarady.

Baǵanaly rýynyń 12 tarmaǵy 6 myń otbasyǵa deıin Túrikmen bı, Týlaq batyr, sultan Toqtamys batyr basqarady.

Naımandardyń 4 tarmaǵy 4 myń otbasy. Ótemis batyr basqarady.

Tobyqty rýynyń 2 tarmaǵy 2 myń otbasy. Maman bı, Janbaı bı, sultan Keráli batyr basqarady.

Orta ordanyń 100 tarmaǵynda 159 400 otbasyǵa deıin, Kishi ordada 165 700 otbasyǵa deıin, Kishi ordada 69 900 otbasyǵa deıin. Úsh ordada – 395 000 otbasy, adam sany – 1 mln 200 myń.

Osylaısha, knıaz Volkonskıı deregine sáıkes, qazaqtardyń jalpy sany - 1 mln 200 myń adam bolǵan.

Salystyrý úshin atalǵan kezeńdegi ózge de derekkózderiniń málimetterin keltirýge bolady. Máselen, ýfalyq bıleýshi ókili O.A. Igelstrom (1784-1792 j.j.) qyzyqty derekter keltiredi. Ol «Qyrǵyz-qaısaqtar týraly qysqasha sıpattama» atty eńbeginde (1785 j.) qazaqtardyń Úlken, Orta jáne Kishi ordaǵa bólinetindigin, halyq soǵys bola qalǵan jaǵdaıda Úlken ordadan 20 myńǵa deıin, Orta ordadan 40 myńǵa deıin, Kishi ordadan 60 myńǵa deıin jasaq shyǵara alatyndyǵyn jazady. Demek, Igelstrom deregine qaraǵanda, qazaq halqynyń sany 700 myń adamnan asyp jyǵylǵan.

1807-1809 jyldary ıA.P. Gaverdovskıı qazaq halqynyń tarıhyna qatysty «Qyrǵyz-qaısaq dalasyna sholý» delingen qyzyqty ǵylymı jumysynyń «Qyrǵyz-qaısaq el men halqynyń sıpattamas» atty ekinshi bólimin jazyp shyqty. Avtordyń málimetinshe, Úlken ordanyń 13 tarmaǵynda 70 myń otbasy, Orta ordanyń 99 tarmaǵynda 169 400 otbasy, al Kishi ordanyń 219 tarmaǵynda 169 500 otbasy bar. Bul rette bir otbasyda 20-dan astam adam bolǵan. Demek, bul avtordyń dereginshe, qazaqtardyń sany 3 mln-ǵa jýyqtaıdy.

Eske salsaq, Ǵylymı ınstıtýttyń kishi ǵylymı qyzmetkeri Ábilbek Qarataev Shyńǵys hannyń úlken uly Joshy han týraly aıtyp bergen bolatyn.